Month: August 2021

What is present perfect continuous tense Present perfect continuous tense
Grammar · Tenses

Present perfect continuous tense

reshana

Present tense forms

Simple present tense.

Present continuous tense.

Present perfect tense.

Present perfect continuous tense.

 

 

 

What are the present tense forms?

An action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing is called Present perfect continuous tense.

formula for simple present tense and present continuous tense
formula for present perfect and present perfect continuous tense

How to form present perfect continuous tense?

POSITIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTION FORM

SINGULAR - Subject + has been + verb(ing).

SINGULAR - Subject + has not/hasn't + been + verb(ing).

SINGULAR - Hasn't/Has + subject + been + verb(ing)?

E.g. She has been playing carrom.

E.g. She has not /hasn't been playing carrom.

E.g. Hasn't /Has she been playing carrom?

Plural - Subject + have been + verb(ing).

Plural - Subject + have not/haven't + been + verb(ing).

PLURAL - Have/Haven't + subject + been + verb(ing)?

E.g. They have been playing carrom.

E.g. They have not been playing carrom.

E.g. Have/Haven't they been playing carrom?

I have been playing carrom.

I have not been playing carrom.

Have I been playing carrom?

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what is present perfect tense? Present perfect tense
Grammar · Tenses

Present perfect tense

reshana
formula for simple present tense and present continuous tense

Simple present: It refers to an action that happens at the present time.

Present continuous tense: An action that is happening now and may continue into the future.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

  • Look at the subject.
  • If it is singular - has + past participle of the verb
  • E.g., She feeds the dog. (change to present perfect). Answer: She has fed the dog.
  • If the subject is plural - have + past participle of the verb.
  • E.g., They feed the dog. (change to present perfect). Answer: They have fed the dog.
formula for present perfect and present perfect continuous tense

Examples

Change to present perfect tense.

  • I clean the room.
    I have cleaned the room.
  • I made you tea.
    I have made you tea.
  • She watches the movie.(Simple present)
    Positive: She has watched the movie.
    Negative: She has not watched the movie.
    Question: Has she watched the movie?
  • My friend lost the key.
    Positive: My friend has lost the key.
    Negative: My friend has not lost the key.
    Question: Has my friend lost the key? friend lost the key?
what is the formula for present perfect tense

Question form.

  • Look at the subject in the given sentence.
  • For singular subject - begin the sentence with "Has", followed by the subject and past participle of the verb(action word).
  • For plural subject - begin the sentence with "Have", followed by the subject and past participle of the verb(action word).
what is the question form of present perfect tense

There are 4 instances where present perfect tense is used.

 To express past actions whose time is not given and not definite.

E.g., Sam has been to U.S.

I have never known him to be sad.

Have you read Harry Potter?

To describe past events whose effects are more in the present time than of the action itself.

E.g., I have hurt myself.

I have completed the job. 

I have slept all afternoon. (means I feel fresh now).

To indicate an action that started in the past and is continuing up to the present time.

E.g., I have worked here since January.

They have not eaten since yesterday.

We have lived here for two years.

 

 

For specification of completed activities in the immediate past.

E.g.,

He has just scored a goal.

I have just reached on time.

She has just gone out.

When to NOT USE present perfect tense?

DO NOT USE PRESENT PERFECT WITH ADVERBS OF PAST TIME.

E.g., He has eaten yesterday.(incorrect).

But use Simple past instead.

He ate yesterday. (correct).

When to USE present perfect tense with adverbs?

Some adverbs and adverb phrases can be used with the present perfect tense. They are as below,

  • For negatives and questions - yet, so far, till now.
  • For questions only - ever, never.
  • this month, this week, already, today.
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What is the meaning of fumble? What is fumble?
Vocabulary

What is fumble?

reshana
01

Fumble is a VERB.

The word fumble literally means to search blindly. 

It also means to drop something or refers to a slip, drop or fail to catch something.

What is the meaning of fumble?
fumble meaning, opposite, antonym, frame sentences
fumble meaning, opposite, antonym, frame sentences
What is the meaning of fumble?
what is the meaning of audacious and audacity? Audacity
Vocabulary

Audacity

reshana

What is audacious and audacity?

Audacity and audacious

Audacious – (adjective) bold, fearless, brave, and courageous.

Audacity – (noun) daring, bravery, heroism.

Audacious and audacity meaning, opposites, frame sentences
Audacious and audacity meaning, opposites, frame sentences, synonyms, antonyms
audacious, audacity meaning, opposites, synonyms, antonyms, frame sentences, synonyms, antonyms.
Weather idioms examples
Weather idioms

"Chasing Rainbows and Weathering Storms: Unraveling the Mysteries of Weather...

Read More
mellow meaning
mellow

MELLOW MELLOW /ˈmɛləʊ/ adjective mellow meaning 1. soft or smooth,...

Read More
present continuous tense Present continuous tense
Grammar · Tenses

Present continuous tense

reshana

Present Continuous Tense

What is present continuous tense?

An action that is happening now and may continue into the future is called present continuous tense.

What is Present continuous tense in detail
present continuous tense formula in detail with examples

When is present continuous tense used?

  • For an action going on at the time of speaking. E.g, He is eating now.
  • For an action that has already been arranged to take place in the near future. E.g., My flight is reaching tonight., 2. He is going tomorrow.
  • For a temporary action that may not be actually happening at the time of speaking. E.g., I am watching the 5th season of the series. (But I am not watching at this moment).
present continuous tense formula with examples
All sentences are formed as

POSITIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTION FORM

Continuous tense = add "ING" to the verb, for all the tenses.

HOW TO FORM POSITIVE, NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE?

POSITIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTION FORM

SINGULAR - Subject + is + verb(ing).

SINGULAR - Subject + is not/isn't + verb(ing).

SINGULAR - Isn't/Is + subject + verb(ing)?

E.g. She is playing carrom.

E.g. She is not/isn't playing carrom.

E.g. Isn't /Is she playing carrom?

Plural - Subject + are + verb(ing).

Plural - Subject + are not/aren't + verb(ing).

PLURAL - Are/Aren't + subject + verb(ing)?

E.g. They are playing carrom.

E.g. They are not playing carrom.

E.g. Are/Aren't they playing carrom?

I am playing carrom.

I am not playing carrom.

Am I playing carrom?

Correct ways to use Simple present and Present continuous tenses.

When to use Simple present tense and present continuous tense?

 

Incorrect

Correct

She is having a cat.

She has a cat.

He is seeming happy.

He seems happy.

These mangoes are tasting sour.

These mangoes taste sour.

I am thinking you are right.

I think you are right.

make your blood run cold Idiom of the day Idiom
Vocabulary

Idiom

reshana

IDIOMS

A set expression with two or more words that means something other than the literal meaning of its individual words. 

Adjective: idiomatic.

Like a bear with a sore head idiom

Like a bear with a sore head.

The literal meaning of this idiom is that it refers to a person who feels irritable or is bad tempered. It refers to someone's bad mood.
E.g., After the meeting, she was like a bear with a sore head.

make your blood run cold Idiom of the day

Make your blood run cold

It refers to something that shocks or scares you a lot.

E.g, The murder scene made my blood run cold.
The announcements of the results made my blood run cold.
The ghost prank made my blood run cold.

meaning of bag of tricks idiom

Bag of tricks.

It refers to all the clever methods(techniques, resources, tricks or ways) you know in order to succeed.

E.g, You need to use a whole bag of tricks to come out of the problem.

meaning of behind bars idiom

behind bars

The literal meaning is to in jail or prison.

E.g, He is behind bars for his crime.
To end up behind bars is unfortunate.

Present tense in detail Simple present tense
Grammar · Tenses

Simple present tense

reshana

TENSES - SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A verb that refers to present time is called Present tense.

present continuous tense formula
AN OVERVIEW

All sentences are formed as

- POSITIVE FORM
- NEGATIVE FORM
- QUESTION FORM

for all the tenses.

The present tense consists of 

  • Simple present tense
  • Present continuous tense
  • Present perfect tense
  • Present perfect continuous tense
simple present tense rules
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

DEFINITION

The actions or occurrences happening RIGHT NOW is called simple present tense.

How to form a simple present tense sentence?

POSITIVE FORM – Subject + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb(action word) in the sentence.

 – if the subject is plural, do not add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb(action word).

E.g., He laughs.

They laugh.

NEGATIVE FORM – Subject + does not/do not  + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, add does not/doesn’t to the verb(action word) in the sentence.

 – if the subject is plural, add do not/don’t to the verb(action word).

E.g., He doesn’t laugh.

They don’t laugh.

The verb doesn’t change here.

 

QUESTION FORM – Does/do + Subject + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, start the question as Does.

 – if the subject is plural, start the question as Do.

E.g., Does he laugh?

Do they laugh?

simple present tense

The Simple present tense is used :

For general truths:

Hard work brings success.
The sun sets in the west.

For habitual actions:

I go to school everyday.
Sam eats at 1 o' clock.

Vivid narrative:

Suddenly the police withdraws action.

To introduce quotations:

Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam says, "If you want to shine like a Sun, first burn like the Sun".

Exclamatory sentences beginning with 'here' and 'there'.

There comes the train.
Here goes the cat.

Express a future event according to a time table.

The last bus is at 9:00 p.m.
The game starts at 1:00 p.m.

In clauses of time and condition, instead of simple future tense.

I will reach before you complete the project.
If it snows, we will get stuck.

Verbs of thinking:

Ex: Believe, think, consider, agree, suppose, imagine, mind, trust, remember.

Verbs of emotion:

Ex: Feel, desire, refuse, want, love, hate, wish, prefer, hope, like, feel.

Verbs of perception:

Ex: Notice, smell, recognize, see, hear.

Verbs of appearing:

Ex: Seem, appear, look.

possess, own, belong to, contain, consist of, be have.
shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, frame sentences Shrewd
Vocabulary

Shrewd

reshana

How to use the word SHREWD?

SHREWD

Shrewd is used as an adjective to describe a person as intelligent, sharp and clever.

It is used as an adverb.

It is used as a noun to indicate sharpness and knowledge.

And finally, as an adjective again to describe someone. 

Lets see in detail.

shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, frame sentences

SHREWD - adjective.

Shrewd is used as an adjective to describe a person as intelligent, sharp and clever.

The captain of the ship was shrewd.

Means he has sharp powers of judgement.

shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, opposite, frame sentences.

SHREWDLY - adverb

Shrewdly is used as an adverb.

She did the essay shrewdly means she has done it smartly, cleverly and wisely.

shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, opposite, frame sentences.

SHREWDNESS - noun

Shrewdness is a noun.

Due to his shrewdness he won the match means he won because of his intelligence, sharpness and knowledge.

shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, opposite, frame sentences.

SHREWISH - adjective

Shrewish is an adjective.

I have a shrewish friend means the friend is quarrelsome, complaining and fault – finding.

shrewd meaning, synonym, antonym, opposite, frame sentences.

Happy learning!

0/5
Tips on How to write a stunning paragraph? Paragraph writing
Writing skills

Paragraph writing

reshana

Alphabets form words, words form sentences, sentences are linked together with linking words, sentences form paragraphs and paragraphs form essays.

Let’s brush up on how to write an awesome paragraph.

Introduction

- Say how you feel (or)
- tell a fact about the topic given (or)
- ask a related interesting question about the topic.

Supporting details

- You can give descriptions, reasons, examples or details of your topic sentence.
- Have at least 3 supporting details.
- add comments and further explain the details.
- add only necessary details.

Conclusion

- Say how do you feel (or)
- What lesson did you learn (or)
- Give advice to the readers based on the topic (or)
- Ask an interesting question (or)
- tell your personal opinion (or)
- add a quote.

PARAGRAPH DEFINITION

A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating to one particular topic.

Why writing a proper paragraph is important?

An essay is broken up into sections. These sections are called paragraphs.
- It makes reading easier.
- For each new paragraph there should be a change of topic and development to the next level of the topic.
- If there are no paragraphs, it looks uninteresting and not easy to read.

paragraph writing tips
Paragraph writing outline

1. Learn to frame sentences, simple, compound and complex sentences. 

2. While framing sentences we deal with one thought. 

3. Similarly, each paragraph must deal with one topic or idea.

 

1. Every sentence in a paragraph must be closely related with the topic of what you are writing.

2. Set the theme in your mind and plan its details.

3. There should be a CONNECTIVITY of all the sentences in the paragraph you write and should not deviate from the main theme.

The topic sentence, also called the key sentence, carries the subject to be dealt with the paragraph. It is the first sentence of the paragraph or so called the introduction. 

Planning ahead of what to write.

Paragraphs are miniature essays, where there should be connectivity between sentences, treating one definite subject in a logical order of thought.
- When you are given a topic, choose one thing or theme to say about it and stick to it till the end.
- For e.g., if you are going to write about dinosaurs, choose one theme to write about it like,

  • Its habitat.
  • Food habits.
  • Hunting nature.
  • How it got extinct? etc.

Choose any one of the above categories for your paragraph. Stick to it till the end and don’t forget about the connectivity. Start with an interesting introduction and satisfying conclusion which sums up the whole idea of your paragraph. 

And if you write one paragraph for each category mentioned above, with a separate introduction and conclusion paragraph, TADA, it becomes an essay!!!! 

How to write a stunning paragraph?

1. The sequence of thoughts or the development of the subject must be related in the order of their occurrence, and all ideas should be connected with the leading idea and arranged accordingly.

1. The first and the last line of the paragraph are the two most important sentences.

2. The first line should arouse the interest of the reader and the last line should satisfy it. 

Avoid same sentence construction which makes your paragraph boring. Description, reasons, details, examples, comments, suggestions, ideas, opinion, can be added in a logical order to create variety in your paragraph.

Paragraph on Earthquake
Sample paragraph on Earthquake.

Here is an example paragraph on Earthquake.

My theme is a general description on it. 

You can choose your own, of which you find interesting, like,

–Parts of the Earth most affected (or)

–How to create awareness? (or)

–What happens after an Earthquake? (or)

–How to know if an Earthquake is going to happen? etc. 

 

Paragraph writing tips and essentials
Write a paragraph about your favorite star.
Paragraph writing tips and essentials
Write a paragraph on Examination.

Keep the language simple, the style direct, and the sentences short to keep your readers hooked to your paragraph. 

Enjoy writing!!!!

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs Finite and non-finite verb
Grammar

Finite and non-finite verb

reshana

Finite & Non-Finite verb.

“
main verb types - transitive and intransitive verbs

TYPES OF MAIN VERBS.

Regular & irregular verbs.

Transitive & intransitive verbs.

Finite & non-finite verbs.

3 types of non-finite verbs.

. infinitives

. participles

. gerunds

  • A finite verb is one used in the normal way, usually with a subject and a tense.
  • A finite verb is one which changes its form according to person, number and tense.
  • We can recognize finite verbs with their form and function.
  • Verb is controlled or limited by the person and number of the subject.
  • Most finite verbs form their past tense form by adding 'd', 'ed', or 't' at the end. Irregular verbs make their past tense in different ways.
  • In the simple present tense, finite verbs have an 's' at the end, when the subject is singular.
  • All sentences and clauses have at least one finite verb, if they don't they will be called phrases.

FINITE VERB

finite verb definition with example.

FINITE VERB

A verb which is limited by number and person of its subjects, is called a finite verb.

 

 

finite verb definition with examples

FINITE VERB

Past tense of the finite verb is formed by adding -ed, -d, or -t, or in different ways.

finite verb definition with examples

FINITE VERB

In the simple present tense, of the verb changes according to the subject in the sentence.

If the subject is singular, the verb becomes plural and vice versa.

FINITE VERB

finite verb definition with examples

FINITE VERB

Finite verbs are used in the present and past tense.

finite verb definition with examples

FINITE VERB

All sentences and clauses have at least one finite verb. 

If they don’t, they are called phrases.

FINITE VERB

She listens to music everyday.

They play in the park during weekends.

He works ten hours a day.

We walked a mile.

 

 

 

NON-FINITE VERB

Types of main verb - finite and non finite verb definition with examples

EXAMPLES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Walking alone can be dangerous. (gerund). Gerunds always end in -ing.

I hope to continue after the exams. (INFINITIVE) (they have a to before the verb).

Talk quietly when you are instructed to do so. (past participle).

 

 

Types of main verb - finite and non finite verb definition with examples

NON-FINITE VERB

The main difference between finite and non-finite verb is that finite verb acts as the main verb whereas non-finite verb don’t act as a verb in the sentence.

The present and past participles and the “to” infinitive are the most common of these.

Types of main verb - finite and non finite verb definition with examples

NON-FINITE VERB

1. Non-finite verbs are the ones that are not limited by tense, person or number.

2. They do not change their form with person or number.

3. They do not change when the tense is changed.

TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Types of main verb - finite and non finite verb definition with examples

NON-FINITE VERB

1. At times non-finite verb comes at the beginning of the sentence.

2. Often comes after the finite verb.

 

 

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERBS

1. infinitives

2. participles

3. gerunds

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

INFINITIVES

The infinitive is the base form of the verb used in the non-finite way.

-to is placed before the base form of the verb to form the -to infinitive.

to eat

to sleep.

TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

USES OF INFINITIVES

1. as a subject of a sentence.

2. as the object of the verb.

3. with the nature of an adverb.

4. with adjective nature.

 

 

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

BARE INFINITIVES

When the infinitives follows certain verbs like, see, watch, notice, smell, need, help, make, feel, let, lease, observe, dare, fall, behold, hear,  “to” is often dropped. This form without “to” is called “bare infinitive”.

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

PAST PARTICIPLE

Past participle is formed by adding ‘ed’ to the base form of the verb, or formed in irregular ways.

E.g., do – done

make – made

say – said

pay – paid

find – found

take – taken

write – written

TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

It is formed by adding ‘ing’ to the base form of the verb.

E.g., do – doing

say – saying

make – making

pay – paying

write – writing.

Types of non-finite verbs - infinitives - participles - gerunds - types of main verbs

GERUND

A gerund is a noun formed from a verb by adding “ing”. 

A gerund may follow adjectives, prepositions and other verbs. It may be the beginning of a sentence as a noun. It has the properties of both verb and noun.

walking

talking

playing

eating