Future perfect tense

September 15, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Future perfect tense

Four forms of Future tense

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

Future perfect tense

Future perfect continuous tense

Future perfect tense definition

Future perfect tense is used to talk about something that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

My friends are coming at 2. I’ll have finished writing by then.

Future perfect tense formula

For positive form, + past participle of the verb.

For negative form, + past participle of the verb.

To form a question with future perfect tense, followed by the subject + have + past participle of the verb.

When and how to use Future perfect tense?

The instances of when to use future perfect tense.

It is used to talk about actions that will be completed by a certain future time.

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Past perfect continuous tense

September 9, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It refers to an action that started in the past and continued up to another point in the past.

Also called Past perfect progressive tense.

The action began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that point.

E.g., When Sam came to the library, I had already been there before an hour.

Formula for present perfect continuous tense

"HAD BEEN"

For positive form

Regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural, just add “had been” before the verb.

Add “ing” to the verb.

For negative form

Regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural, just add “had not been” before the verb.

Add “ing” to the verb.

For question form

To from a question using present perfect continuous tense, begin your sentence with “HAD”, followed by the subject, then “been” and “ing” form of the verb.

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Past perfect tense

September 9, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Past perfect tense

Past perfect tense refers to the actions that occurred in the past and finished before another action.

It is also called ‘Pluperfect’.

When is past perfect tense used?

When two actions happened in the past, one action must have happened before the other. The past perfect tense is used to show which happened first and next.

E.g, I had done my cooking when she came to see me.

2. I had completed the exam before the bell rang.

Past perfect tense formula

Past perfect tense

Always add before the verb for past perfect tense.

To form a question, followed by the subject and past tense of the verb.

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Simple past tense

September 5, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

The four forms of past tense are

Simple past tense

Past continuous tense

Past perfect tense

Past perfect continuous tense

How to form past tense?

Just change the verb(action word to its past tense form).

Negative and Question form.

– Just add did not or didn’t after the subject and before the verb.

– To form a question, start your sentence with Did, followed by the subject and then the base form of the verb.

– In the negative and question form, DO NOT change the verb to past tense. The verb should be in the base form.

types of main verbs
1. regular and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs: Verbs that form their past tense form and past participle by adding ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the base form are called regular verbs.

The kitten plays with a ball of wool. (present tense)
The kitten played with a ball of wool. (past tense)
The kitten has played with a ball of wool. (past participle)

Irregular verbs: Irregular verbs form their past tense and past participle in many different ways. There is no fixed pattern to make the past tense and past participle of irregular verbs. The only way is to learn them is with practice.

There are 3 types of irregular verbs.

Verbs with all the three forms (the base, the past tense form, the past participle) identical.
Verbs with two parts identical. These verbs can be either regular or irregular with a ‘t’ suffix.
Verbs with all three parts different.

All three forms are the same.

Two of the forms are the same.

All three forms are different.

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Adjectives – 16 types of adjectives.

Demonstratives

Nature idioms

Body parts idioms

Comparative conjunctions

Direct and indirect object

Transferred Epithet

Place conjunctions

Grammar · Tenses

Past continuous tense

September 4, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Past continuous tense

It refers to a continuing action that was happening at some point in the past.

The four forms of past tense are:

1. Simple past tense.

2. Past continuous tense.

3. Past perfect tense

4. Past perfect continuous tense.

Positive form and negative form

Always add “ING” to the verb(action word) for all continuous tense forms.

If the subject is singular, add was + verb(ing).
If the subject is plural, add were + verb(ing)
If the subject is "I", add was + verb(ing)
To from a negative sentence:
If the subject is singular, add was not + verb(ing)
If the subject is plural, add were not + verb(ing)
If the subject is "I", add was not + verb(ing)

Question form

Always add “ING” to the verb for all continuous tense forms.

When is past continuous tense used?

1. To denote an action going on at some point in the past.

E.g., We were eating in the afternoon.

I was teaching then.

She came when I was reading.

2. Used with always, and continually, etc, to denote persistent habits in the past.

E.g., She was always crying.

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Past perfect continuous tense

Future perfect continuous tense

Idiom – part 5

Story writing

Homograph

Future continuous tense

Nature idioms

Conjunctions

Grammar · Tenses

Present perfect continuous tense

August 27, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Present tense forms

Simple present tense.

Present continuous tense.

Present perfect tense.

Present perfect continuous tense.

An action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing is called Present perfect continuous tense.

How to form present perfect continuous tense?

POSITIVE FORM	NEGATIVE FORM	QUESTION FORM
SINGULAR - Subject + has been + verb(ing).	SINGULAR - Subject + has not/hasn't + been + verb(ing).	SINGULAR - Hasn't/Has + subject + been + verb(ing)?
E.g. She *has been playing* carrom.	E.g. She *has not /hasn't been playing* carrom.	E.g. *Hasn't /Has she been playing* carrom?
Plural - Subject + have been + verb(ing).	Plural - Subject + have not/haven't + been + verb(ing).	PLURAL - Have/Haven't + subject + been + verb(ing)?
E.g. They *have been playing* carrom.	E.g. They *have not been playing* carrom.	E.g. *Have/Haven't they been playing* carrom?
I have been playing carrom.	I have not been playing carrom.	Have I been playing carrom?

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Prepositions of agent or instrument

Transportation idioms

Future perfect tense

Prepositions

Past continuous tense

Quantifiers

Parts of speech

Conjunctions

Grammar · Tenses

Present perfect tense

August 26, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Simple present: It refers to an action that happens at the present time.

Present continuous tense: An action that is happening now and may continue into the future.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Look at the subject.
If it is singular - has + past participle of the verb
E.g., She feeds the dog. (change to present perfect). Answer: She has fed the dog.
If the subject is plural - have + past participle of the verb.
E.g., They feed the dog. (change to present perfect). Answer: They have fed the dog.

Examples

Change to present perfect tense.

I clean the room.
I have cleaned the room.
I made you tea.
I have made you tea.
She watches the movie.(Simple present)
Positive: She has watched the movie.
Negative: She has not watched the movie.
Question: Has she watched the movie?
My friend lost the key.
Positive: My friend has lost the key.
Negative: My friend has not lost the key.
Question: Has my friend lost the key? friend lost the key?

Question form.

There are 4 instances where present perfect tense is used.

No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4

To express past actions whose time is not given and not definite.

E.g., Sam has been to U.S.

I have never known him to be sad.

Have you read Harry Potter?

To describe past events whose effects are more in the present time than of the action itself.

E.g., I have hurt myself.

I have completed the job.

I have slept all afternoon. (means I feel fresh now).

To indicate an action that started in the past and is continuing up to the present time.

E.g., I have worked here since January.

They have not eaten since yesterday.

We have lived here for two years.

For specification of completed activities in the immediate past.

E.g.,

He has just scored a goal.

I have just reached on time.

She has just gone out.

When to NOT USE present perfect tense?

DO NOT USE PRESENT PERFECT WITH ADVERBS OF PAST TIME.

E.g., He has eaten yesterday.(incorrect).

But use Simple past instead.

He ate yesterday. (correct).

When to USE present perfect tense with adverbs?

Some adverbs and adverb phrases can be used with the present perfect tense. They are as below,

For negatives and questions - yet, so far, till now.
For questions only - ever, never.
this month, this week, already, today.

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Grammar · Tenses

Present continuous tense

August 19, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

Present Continuous Tense

What is present continuous tense?

An action that is happening now and may continue into the future is called present continuous tense.

When is present continuous tense used?

For an action going on at the time of speaking. E.g, He is eating now.
For an action that has already been arranged to take place in the near future. E.g., My flight is reaching tonight., 2. He is going tomorrow.
For a temporary action that may not be actually happening at the time of speaking. E.g., I am watching the 5th season of the series. (But I am not watching at this moment).

All sentences are formed as

POSITIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTION FORM

Continuous tense = add "ING" to the verb, for all the tenses.

HOW TO FORM POSITIVE, NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE?

POSITIVE FORM	NEGATIVE FORM	QUESTION FORM
SINGULAR - Subject + is + verb(ing).	SINGULAR - Subject + is not/isn't + verb(ing).	SINGULAR - Isn't/Is + subject + verb(ing)?
E.g. She *is playing* carrom.	E.g. She *is not/isn't playing* carrom.	E.g. *Isn't /Is she playing* carrom?
Plural - Subject + are + verb(ing).	Plural - Subject + are not/aren't + verb(ing).	PLURAL - Are/Aren't + subject + verb(ing)?
E.g. They *are playing* carrom.	E.g. They *are not playing* carrom.	E.g. *Are/Aren't they playing* carrom?
I am playing carrom.	I am not playing carrom.	Am I playing carrom?

Correct ways to use Simple present and Present continuous tenses.

When to use Simple present tense and present continuous tense?

Incorrect	Correct
She is having a cat.	She has a cat.
He is seeming happy.	He seems happy.
These mangoes are tasting sour.	These mangoes taste sour.
I am thinking you are right.	I think you are right.

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Past perfect continuous tense

Present perfect tense

garrulous

Geographical idioms

Metaphor

Noun phrase

Sentence Formula – Part 2

Animal idioms

Grammar

Adjectives – 16 types of adjectives.

June 29, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana1 Comment

All about adjectives

16 Types Of Adjectives

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CONTENTS

Definition

Types of adjectives

Comparison of nouns

Order of adjectives

Nouns as adjectives

Adjectives with "-ly"

Participial adjectives

What is an adjective?

An adjective describes or tells us about a noun. That is why it is called a DESCRIBING WORD.

An adjective usually comes before a noun to provide more detail or information about the noun.

Adjective provide vital details that help the reader to visualize and comprehend the subject.

An example

This is a huge table.

In the above sentence, first we have to identify the noun.

The noun, is nothing but name of a person, place or thing.

Therefore, TABLE is the (countable) noun.

The table is described as HUGE.

Therefore HUGE is the adjective and it comes before the noun, which helps us imagine that the table is huge.

16 types of adjectives

An adjective describes or tells us about a noun. That is why it is called a DESCRIBING WORD.

The list might seem a little long, but its quite EASY.

So let’s go through one by one in detail with the help of relevant pictures.

QUANTITATIVE ADJECTIVE

1. is one that shows how much (quantity) of a thing is meant.
Example: I ate too much meat.
He drinks little juice.
I had enough exercise.

Qualitative or Attributive adjective

1. is used to describe the features
or qualities of a noun.

Example: The boy is handsome.

The Indian gooseberry is sweet and sour.

He is an honest
man.

The apple is crunchy.

PROPER ADJECTIVE

1. Proper adjective is derived from a proper noun.
Example: The Atlantic Ocean,
The French language,
The Indian tea.

NUMERAL ADJECTIVE

1. Also called adjective of number, is used to represent the numbers or order of any substance in a sentence.

It is divided into definite and indefinite adjective.

DEFINITE ADJECTIVE

Definite adjective says
about the exact number. They are further divided into three.

i. Cardinals:
One, two, three and so on. E.g., I have one
apple.

Ordinal adjective

Ordinals:
First, second and so on. E.g., I got the first
prize.

MULTIPLICATIVE ADJECTIVE

Multiplicatives:

Single, double, triple and so on.
E.g., I won a
double ticket.

Indefinite adjective

· Indefinite adjective does not tell us about the exact number. E.g., some, all, none, many, enough, several, few etc.

DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE

1. Distributive adjective
is one
that refers to each one of a number. They are each, every, either, neither.

Example: Either spoon will
do.
Every word of it is true.

Demonstrative adjective

Demonstrative adjective shows which or what specific person, place or thing are intended to be pointed out. The demonstrative adjectives are, ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, ‘those’.

E.g., These apples are sweet.

This table is mine.

INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE

1. 1. : is used to ask a question. E.g., What game do you like the most?
E.g., Which cat is yours?
What is your name?

Possessive adjective

1. Possessive adjective shows to whom things belong. The possessive adjectives are his, her, our, your, my, its, their.

EMPHASIZING ADJECTIVE

1. 1. The words ‘own’ and ‘very’ are used as emphasizing adjectives.
E.g., This is the very first thing I do in the morning.
Mind your own business.
I did it with my own hands.

Exclamatory adjective

The word “what” is sometimes used as an Exclamatory adjective.

What a chance!

What an idea!

What a blessing!

What genius!

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Greek Prefixes

Prepositional Phrases

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

Home and housing idioms

Sports idioms

mellow

Direct object indirect object

Grammar

Noun and its types

June 29, 2021February 27, 2024 reshana

A noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing. nouns also name an emotion or quality or state.

A noun is the name of a person, place animal or thing.

Common noun names, people, places, and, things.

Examples of common noun, school, students, cat, ocean.

Priya is a proper noun, while girl is a common noun.

Paul is proper noun, while boy is a common noun.

Chennai is a proper noun, while city is a common noun.

India is a proper noun, while country is a common noun.

Asia is a proper noun, while continent is a common noun.

Proper noun names, specific people, places, and, things. Now let us see some examples of proper noun.

Examples of proper nouns

ABC school

John

spots

Pacific ocean

“proper noun names specific names of school students ocean etc. “

“Proper nouns always starts with capital letter.”

Collective noun

Collective noun is a word or phrase that refers to a group of people or things as one entity.

In simpler terms, it refers to more than one.

To speak of a collection or a number of persons or things as a whole or as one group, we use a collective noun.

A bunch of grapes.

A swarm of bees.

For example

I fought
a gang of thieves.

I saw
a flock of sheep.

A fleet of ships refers to a collection of ships.

An army of soldiers refers to a collection of soldiers.

A crowd of people refers to a collection of people.

Nouns naming things that can be counted are called countable or count nouns.

Countable nouns are nouns which have plurals.

Most common and countable nouns can
we counted.

Nouns that name things that cannot be counted are called uncountable or non count nouns.

Uncountable nouns don’t have plurals.

This door is made of glass.

In the above sentence, glass refers to a material and it cannot be counted. It is therefore an uncountable noun.

Examples of countable nouns are

bird – birds

duck – ducks

gang – gangs

team – teams

manager – managers

boy – boys

bunch – bunches

Examples of uncountable nouns are materials like sugar, furniture, oil, water, gold, rice etc.

Uncountable nouns cannot be counted, but are measured in units. We cannot say, one sugar but we can say 1 kilo of sugar. We cannot say one milk but we should say one liter of milk.

1. pieces of furniture

2. a bottle of juice

3. 1K of wheat

4. a sheet of glass

5. a jar of pickle

In all these examples, the unit of measurement are being counted and not the nouns themselves.

An abstract noun is usually the name for a state of being, a concept, a quality or an action that has no physical existence. Things named by abstract nouns cannot be seen, touched, tasted or smelt.

Laughter is the best medicine.

I love my dog.

We have a natural desire to want to help others.

Finally, she worked up the courage and turned on the machine.

Many abstract nouns are formed from

Adjectives

strength from strong.

Youth from young.

Verbs

Laughter from laugh.

Freedom from free.

Common nouns

patriotism from patriot.

Friendship from friend.

The names of subjects like art, music, Math, biology etc. are also abstract nouns, because they are all concepts.

A noun referring to things that can be perceived or experienced through any of our five senses – which means that it can be seen, touched or felt, tasted, smelt or heard – is called a concrete noun.