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future perfect tense Future perfect tense
Grammar · Tenses

Future perfect tense

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Future perfect tense

Four forms of Future tense

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

Future perfect tense

Future perfect continuous tense

Future perfect tense definition

Future perfect tense is used to talk about something that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

My friends are coming at 2. I’ll have finished writing by then.

Future perfect tense formula

future perfect tense formula
For positive form, + past participle of the verb.
For negative form, + past participle of the verb.
future perfect tense formula with examples for positive form and negative form.
To form a question with future perfect tense, followed by the subject + have + past participle of the verb.
Future perfect tense formula with examples.

When and how to use Future perfect tense?

The instances of when to use future perfect tense.

It is used to talk about actions that will be completed by a certain future time.

  • He will have left before you go to see him.
  • She will have cleaned the house.
  • By the end of the day, she will have completed the work.
future continuous tense Future continuous tense
Grammar · Tenses

Future continuous tense

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Future continuous tense

Four forms of Future tense

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

Future perfect tense

Future perfect continuous tense

Future continuous tense definition

Future continuous tense refers to events, or actions or states will occur in the future and continue for a specific period of time.

Future continuous tense formula

future tense formula
For positive form, + be + verb(ing)
For negative form, + be + verb(ing)
Future continuous tense formula for positive form, negative form and question form of sentences.
To form a question with future continuous tense, followed by the subject + be + verb(ing).
Future continuous tense formula for positive form, negative form and question form of sentences.

When and how to use Future continuous tense?

The instances of when to use future continuous tense.
To talk about actions in the future which are already planned or which are expected to happen in the normal course of things.

I will be joining next week.

This time next month I will be writing my exams.

The food delivery man will be coming soon.

 

To talk about actions that will be in progress at a time in the future.

“Can I call you at 1?” – “No I will be eating my lunch”.

This time tomorrow I will be going to the library.

We will be shopping here next week.

 

Particulars and details.

To talk about official plans and arrangements.

be to + base form of the verb.

The meeting is to discuss exam results.

The Chief is to visit the grounds next month.

simple future tense Simple future tense
Grammar · Tenses

Simple future tense

reshana

Simple future tense

Four forms of Future tense

Simple future tense

Future continuous tense

Future perfect tense

Future perfect continuous tense

Simple future tense definition

Simple future tense refers to events, or actions or states that will begin and end in the future.

future tense formula
For positive form, before the verb.
For negative form, before the verb.
Simple future tense formula
To form a question with simple future tense, followed by the subject and then the base form of the verb.
Simple future tense formula

When and how to use Simple future tense?

The instances of when to use simple future tense.
What we believe or think will happen in future.

I am sure I will get an A grade.

I think you will get it done.

I believe you will help me.

For events which we cannot control.

We will know our project details in December.

I shall be thirty five next Monday.

It will be Christmas in a month.

When we have decided to do something before talking about it.

“be going to + base form of the verb”.

I am going to schedule the exam dates.

She is going to buy a car. 

 

When we decide to do something at the time of speaking.

The Chief is in a meeting, so I’ll wait.

I am expecting a friend, I will make her the best coffee.

It is snowing, I will not go out.

When there is something in the present which tells us about the future.

She is going to have a baby.

The plates are at the edge, they are going to fall.

"about to + base" is used for immediate future.

Do not talk, the exam is about to start.

Let’s get ready, the party is about to begin.

Simple future tense highlights

Simple future tense is used for instant decisions.

The going to is used for events already been decided upon and preparations have been made.

Present tense in detail Simple present tense
Grammar · Tenses

Simple present tense

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TENSES - SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A verb that refers to present time is called Present tense.

present continuous tense formula
AN OVERVIEW

All sentences are formed as

- POSITIVE FORM
- NEGATIVE FORM
- QUESTION FORM

for all the tenses.

The present tense consists of 

  • Simple present tense
  • Present continuous tense
  • Present perfect tense
  • Present perfect continuous tense
simple present tense rules
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

DEFINITION

The actions or occurrences happening RIGHT NOW is called simple present tense.

How to form a simple present tense sentence?

POSITIVE FORM – Subject + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb(action word) in the sentence.

 – if the subject is plural, do not add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb(action word).

E.g., He laughs.

They laugh.

NEGATIVE FORM – Subject + does not/do not  + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, add does not/doesn’t to the verb(action word) in the sentence.

 – if the subject is plural, add do not/don’t to the verb(action word).

E.g., He doesn’t laugh.

They don’t laugh.

The verb doesn’t change here.

 

QUESTION FORM – Does/do + Subject + verb.

 – if the subject is singular, start the question as Does.

 – if the subject is plural, start the question as Do.

E.g., Does he laugh?

Do they laugh?

simple present tense

The Simple present tense is used :

For general truths:

Hard work brings success.
The sun sets in the west.

For habitual actions:

I go to school everyday.
Sam eats at 1 o' clock.

Vivid narrative:

Suddenly the police withdraws action.

To introduce quotations:

Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam says, "If you want to shine like a Sun, first burn like the Sun".

Exclamatory sentences beginning with 'here' and 'there'.

There comes the train.
Here goes the cat.

Express a future event according to a time table.

The last bus is at 9:00 p.m.
The game starts at 1:00 p.m.

In clauses of time and condition, instead of simple future tense.

I will reach before you complete the project.
If it snows, we will get stuck.

Verbs of thinking:

Ex: Believe, think, consider, agree, suppose, imagine, mind, trust, remember.

Verbs of emotion:

Ex: Feel, desire, refuse, want, love, hate, wish, prefer, hope, like, feel.

Verbs of perception:

Ex: Notice, smell, recognize, see, hear.

Verbs of appearing:

Ex: Seem, appear, look.

possess, own, belong to, contain, consist of, be have.
The noun - number - singular and plural Noun
Grammar

Noun

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THE NOUN - NUMBER - SINGULAR AND PLURAL IN DETAIL

Singular
A noun that denotes one person or thing, is said to be in the singular number.
- watch, box, tree, clock, table.

Plural
A noun that denotes more than one person or thing, is said to be in the plural number.
- watches, boxes, trees, clocks, tables.
Singular and plural definition with examples

Just by adding 's' to the singular.

The most simple rule is to usually add the letter ‘s’ 

to the end of the singular noun to make it plural. 

How to form plurals - 1

By adding 'es' to the nouns ending in 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'z', 'x'.

When the singular nouns end in s, sh, ch, z, x, - add 'es' to form the plural of the word.

Singular plural . By adding ‘-es’ to the nouns ending in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’(soft), or ‘x’.

By adding es to the nouns ending in consonant 'o'.

(ends in 'o' just add 'es')

Rules to form plurals

By adding 's' to the nouns ending in 'o'.

(ends in 'o' just add 's')

Singular plural. Rules to form plurals.

By adding ies to the nouns ending in 'y'.

Drop the 'y' and add 'ies'.

Singular plural - how to form plurals.

By adding -ves to the nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe'.

Drop the 'f' or 'fe' and add 'ves'.

Singular plural - how to form plurals - grammar

nouns ending with either 's' or 'ves'.

Other nouns ending in 'f', 'fe', add 's'.

Singular plural - how to form plurals.

By adding 'en to the singular noun.

Nouns originally singular, generally used in the plural are given in the below picture.

Singular plural - how to form plurals - grammar

Some have singular and plural alike.

Some nouns have singular and plural alike when used after numerals.

singular plural rules

Some nouns are used only in the plural.

Some singular nouns are used only in the plural form.

Singular plural - rules to form plurals - grammar.

Some nouns look plural but are singular.

Some nouns look plural but are in fact singular.

Singular plural - rules to form plurals - Grammar

Some nouns are always used as plural.

Some collective nouns are singular but are always used as plurals.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Compound nouns

Adding 's' to the principal word.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Foreign languages

Some nouns taken from foreign languages keep their original plural form.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Greek

Greek words plural form.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Hebrew
Letters, figures and symbols

Letters, figures are made plural by adding an apostrophe 's'.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Two forms of plural

Two forms of plural, each with a different meaning.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Two meanings in singular

Two meanings in the singular but only one in the plural.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

One meaning in singular.

One meaning in singular form, two in the plural.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Different meanings

Different meanings in singular and the plural.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Abstract nouns

Abstract nouns have no plural. They are uncountables.

Singular - plural - rules to form plurals - grammar

Noun - Gender

All rules in detail

noun gender masculine feminine
noun gender masculine feminine Noun – Gender
Grammar

Noun – Gender

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Noun gender - masculine and feminine in detail

“All living things are categorized as male or female.”

A noun is the name of the person, place, animal or thing.

definition

A noun that denotes a male is said to be of the Masculine gender. 

E.g., boy, man, tiger, lion.

A noun that denotes a female is said to be of the Feminine gender. 

E.g., girl, woman, tigress, lioness.




common gender
neuter gender

A noun that denotes male or a female is said to be of the common gender. E.g., student, friend, baby, infant.

A noun that denotes a thing(non-living thing) that is neither male nor female is said to be of the neuter gender. E.g., bottle, pen, pencil, knife, book.

Masculine feminine, common gender, neuter gender

noun personification

The feminine gender is often applied to objects remarkable for beauty, gentleness, prettiness and gracefulness.

-Nature, love, charity, The Earth, virtue, fame, truth, modesty, justice, liberty, pride, mercy, peace, jealousy, hope, humility are personified as feminine.

gender masculine feminine personification noun

noun personification

The masculine gender is often applied to objects remarkable for strength and violence.

– Sun is regarded as masculine.

 – Oh! the scorching sun, he is merciless!

gender masculine feminine personification noun

noun personification

A ship is always spoken of as ‘she’. 

The same is also applied to motor vehicles, trains, and other machines.

– The Titanic didn’t know that it was her last sail.

gender masculine feminine personification noun

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

gender masculine feminine noun

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

gender masculine feminine noun

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

gender masculine feminine noun

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

gender masculine feminine noun

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

noun - gender - masculine, feminine, male, female - grammar rules

rules or ways to form feminine of nouns.

1. Place a word before or after.

2. Add a syllable(-a, -ine, -ess, -trix)

3. Or use a completely different word.

noun - gender - masculine, feminine, male, female - grammar rules
what is subject and predicate Subject and Predicate
Grammar

Subject and Predicate

reshana

subject and predicate

CONTENTS
Definition of a sentence.
What is a Subject?
What is a predicate?

Definition:
A group of words that makes complete sense is called a sentence.

A sentence always starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, (.), question mark(?) or exclamation mark(!).

E.g.'s of complete sentence
- He drives slow.
- Did you attend the party?
- Wow! you look gorgeous!
- Close the window!

definition of a sentence and how a sentence ends.

the dog is in the kennel.

‘The dog’ is the subject.

– ‘is in the kennel’ – is the predicate.

The subject is the what or or who in a sentence.

The predicate is the action in a sentence, i.e., what the subject does or is. 

subject predicate grammar rules
subject and predicate grammar rules

what is subject and predicate

While framing a sentence,
We name the person or thing(noun) (subject).

We tell what the person or thing does, i.e., we say something about the person or thing.

E.g., Scorpions are poisonous.
Scorpions - Subject.
are poisonous - predicate.

What is subject and predicate
subject and predicate rules

subjects can also be placed at the end of a sentence.

As in the picture, the subject usually come first, but sometimes it is placed after the predicate.

 – Here are the apples.

– apples (noun)is the subject which comes at the end of the sentence.

TYPES OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

The complete subject is all the words before the verb.

  • The bright, red sun rises in the east.

The simple subject is one or two main words in the subject.

  • The bright, red sun rises in the east.

The complete predicate – is all the words from the verb till the end of the sentence.

  • The bright, red sun rises in the east.

The simple predicate is the first verb and any helping verb with the first verb.

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